The Persians adopted the practices of the Chinese merchants, guanxi<\/em>, augmented or altered by their own natural business customs and inherent hospitable characteristics. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Essentially, guanxi<\/em> required a personal bond before any business relationship could be developed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Guanxi relationships were almost never established purely through formal discussion, but required getting to know each other during long tea sessions, elaborate dinner banquets, or other personal pursuits such as hunting, falconry and hot baths. As a result, relationships became tight bonds of respect, friendships and alliances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Guanxi were grounded in Confucian doctrine that set out the proper structure of hierarchical, friendly relationships in a community, and the need for implicit mutual commitments, reciprocity, and trust.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Guanxi had three sub-dimensions which were ganqing<\/em>, a measure of the emotional attachment in a relationship, renqing<\/em>, the moral obligation to maintain a relationship with reciprocal exchange of favours, and xinren<\/em>, the strength of interpersonal trust.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Guanxi also embodied the idea of having face<\/em>, which referred to social status, propriety, and prestige. It included the concepts of wu-lune<\/em>, which supported the long term, developing relationship between two entities, yi-ren<\/em> reciprocity, and ren<\/em>, empathy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Guanxi<\/em> and Face<\/em> worked as one to build a personal reputation, and to instil trust between parties in business and personal matters. Because of its extensive influential power in shaping business operations, guanxi <\/em>was seen as a crucial source of social capital and strategic tool for business success.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Chinese merchants and traders developed elaborate business networks for world expansion and survival. These networks provided resources for distribution of goods and services between villages and communities across Southeast Asia, Asia Minor, India and the entire Persian empire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n It became known as the bamboo network<\/em> which served as a distinctive form of organising economic activity through which Han Chinese entrepreneurs, traders, investors, financiers, family businesses, clans, and villages linked by ethnic ties of blood, lineage, and native place, expanded and dominated some regions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Having a common ethnic heritage, shared linguistic origins, family ties, and ancestral roots have driven Chinese entrepreneurs to do business with one another first, rather than with other races.<\/p>\n\n\n\n But, traders from other nations who good develop very good standing with the Chinese immigrants and traders, established themselves strongly rooted in territories along all the trade routes of the east, the silk route, the tea roots, the spice routes, the jade routes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Those with good knowledge of guanxi and face, and being a part of the Bamboo network through chinese contacts, were in the position to obtain valuable information, increase knowledge about uncharted territories, and receive privileged access to products and other resources from the east which were invaluable to the west for which they could trade a surcharge.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Guanxi, Face and the Bamboo network The Persians adopted the practices of the Chinese merchants, guanxi, augmented or altered by their own natural business customs…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_customify_content_layout":"","_customify_sidebar":"","_customify_page_header_display":"","_customify_disable_header":"","_customify_disable_header_top":"","_customify_disable_header_main":"","_customify_disable_header_bottom":"","_customify_disable_page_title":"","_customify_disable_content_vertical_padding":"","_customify_disable_footer_top":"","_customify_disable_footer_main":"","_customify_disable_footer_bottom":"","_customify_breadcrumb_display":"","_customify_header_transparent_display":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[56],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2858","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-power"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rizeldelano.com\/chronicles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2858","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rizeldelano.com\/chronicles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rizeldelano.com\/chronicles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rizeldelano.com\/chronicles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rizeldelano.com\/chronicles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2858"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/rizeldelano.com\/chronicles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2858\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2859,"href":"https:\/\/rizeldelano.com\/chronicles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2858\/revisions\/2859"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rizeldelano.com\/chronicles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2858"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rizeldelano.com\/chronicles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2858"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rizeldelano.com\/chronicles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2858"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}