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Use and Uselessness

Use and Uselessness Philosophers in the Kantian tradition identify the experience of beauty with disinterested pleasure, psychical distance, and the like, and contrast the aesthetic…

Hedonist Conceptions

Hedonist Conceptions Thinkers of the 18th century—many of them oriented toward empiricism—accounted for beauty in terms of pleasure.  The Italian historian Ludovico Antonio Muratori, for…

Love and Longing

Love and Longing Edmund Burke, expressing an ancient tradition, writes that, “by beauty I mean, that quality or those qualities in bodies, by which they…

The Idealist Conception

The Idealist Conception There are many ways to interpret Plato’s relation to classical aesthetics.  The political system sketched in the Republic characterizes justice in terms…

The Classical Conception

The Classical Conception The art historian Heinrich Wölfflin gives a fundamental description of the classical conception of beauty, as embodied in Italian Renaissance painting and…

Golden Ratio of Beauty

Golden Ratio of Beauty The Pythagorean mathematician described beauty relatively as 1.6180339887 and named it a golden ratio they kept seeing in things regarded as…